![]() Furthermore, damage to the medial maxillary buttress has been associated with epistaxis, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, lacrimal duct and sac injury, medial canthal tendon injury, and sinus drainage obstruction ( Figure 3). Involvement of the orbit seen in such fractures may lead to the development of complications including extra-ocular muscle injury, orbital hematoma, globe rupture or impingement, and optic nerve damage. These fractures cause disruption of the medial, lateral, upper transverse, and posterior maxillary buttresses and produce discontinuity of the inferomedial orbital rims. Le Fort II fractures are pyramidal in shape and involve the zygomaticomaxillary suture, nasofrontal suture, pterygoid process of the sphenoid, and the frontal sinus. Quick and accurate diagnosis of Le Fort fractures and associated injuries is crucial to the successful management of blunt head trauma. While mortality rates for Le Fort fractures are low, these complex injuries seldom occur in isolation and are associated with other severe injuries to the head and neck. The limitation of this study, similar to all PRISMA-guided review articles, is the dependence on previously published research and availability of references as outlined in our methodology. It was also found that there is a general lack of published Level I, Level II, and Level III studies regarding Le Fort fracture management, surgical management, and outcomes. Fifty-one articles were selected, the majority of which were large case studies, and collectively reported that Le Fort fractures are most commonly due to high-velocity MVC and that the severity of fracture type sustained occurred with increasing frequency. The search was narrowed to exclude articles lacking in specificity for Le Fort fractures. ![]() The analyzed studies were published between 19. ![]() ![]() Search terms included “Le Fort fracture”, “facial”, “craniofacial”, and “intracranial.” Articles were selected based on relevance and examined regarding etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, complications, and outcomes in adults. A thorough search of the world’s literature following PRISMA guidelines was conducted through PubMed and EBSCO databases. The most common mechanisms of injury for these fractures, which are frequently associated with drug and alcohol use, include motor vehicle collisions, assault, and falls. Le Fort fractures constitute a pattern of complex facial injury that occurs secondary to blunt facial trauma. ![]()
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